Hernia repair surgery is a procedure designed to correct a hernia, which occurs when an internal organ or tissue pushes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall or surrounding muscle. Common types of hernias include inguinal, umbilical, and incisional hernias. The surgery involves returning the protruding tissue to its proper position and strengthening the weakened area of the abdominal wall, often using mesh to support the repair. The goal of the procedure is to relieve pain, prevent complications, and restore normal function.